Remembered

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Karl Marx

1818 – 1883

Economist, Journalist, Historian, Philosopher, Sociologist, Revolutionary

Karl Marx (German: [ˈkaʁl ˈmaʁks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, social and political theorist, and revolutionary socialist. He develope…

Richard Wagner

1813 – 1883

Composer, Librettist, Conductor, Essayist, Theatre director, Autobiographer

Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər; German: [ˈvɪlˌhɛlm ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] ; 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and…

Gustave Doré

1832 – 1883

Painter, Illustrator, Caricaturist, Comics artist, Lithographer, Graphic artist

Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré (UK: DOR-ay, US: dor-AY; French: [ɡystav dɔʁe]; 6 January 1832 – 23 January 1883) was a French artist. He is best known for…

Giuseppe Garibaldi

1807 – 1882

Politician, Writer, Autobiographer, Resistance fighter, Military personnel, Mercenary

Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi] ; 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to t…

Ralph Waldo Emerson

1803 – 1882

Philosopher, Poet, Writer, Essayist, Diarist, Biographer

Here is a revised and improved memorial biography for Ralph Waldo Emerson, strictly reflecting well-supported facts from reliable sources: Ralph Waldo Emerson…

Charles Darwin

1809 – 1882

Geologist, Explorer, Travel writer, Ethologist, Naturalist, Philosopher

Charles Robert Darwin ( DAR-win; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to ev…

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

1828 – 1882

Poet, Illustrator, Painter, Translator, Writer, Artist

Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882), generally known as Dante Gabriel Rossetti ( rə-ZET-ee; Italian: [rosˈsetti]), was an English poet,…

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

1807 – 1882

Translator, Poet, Novelist, Professor, Writer

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. His original works include the poems "Paul Revere's Ride", Th…

James A. Garfield

1831 – 1881

Politician, Lawyer, Statesperson, Writer, Military personnel, Major general

James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September…

Benjamin Disraeli

1804 – 1881

Politician, Novelist, Writer, Biographer, Finance minister

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881), was a British statesman, Conservative politician and wr…

Modest Mussorgsky

1839 – 1881

Composer, Pianist, Librettist, Military personnel, Musician

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (; Russian: Модест Петрович Мусоргский, romanized: Modest Petrovich Musorgsky; IPA: [mɐˈdɛst pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈmusərkskʲɪj] ; 21 March […

Alexander II of Russia

1818 – 1881

Ruler, Statesperson, Monarch

Alexander II (29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination on 13 Ma…

Thomas Carlyle

1795 – 1881

Linguist, Literary historian, Historian, Translator, Mathematician, Philosopher

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher. Known as the "sage of Chelsea", his writings strongly inf…

Fyodor Dostoevsky

1821 – 1881

Translator, Poet, Novelist, Essayist, Short story writer, Philosopher

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (11 November [O.S. 30 October] 1821 – 9 February [O.S. 28 January] 1881) was a Russian philosopher, novelist, short-story writer,…

George Eliot

1819 – 1880

Novelist, Translator, Philosopher, Writer, Poet, Journalist

Mary Ann Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880; alternatively Mary Anne or Marian), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, jour…

Jacques Offenbach

1819 – 1880

Composer, Cellist, Conductor, Theatre entrepreneur, Theatre manager, Chapelmaster

Jacques Offenbach (; 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario. He is remembered for his nearly 100 operettas of…

Gustave Flaubert

1821 – 1880

Novelist, Writer, Dramaturge

Gustave Flaubert (UK: FLOH-bair, US: floh-BAIR; French: [ɡystav flobɛʁ]; 12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist. He has been considered the lead…

James Clerk Maxwell

1831 – 1879

Physicist, Mathematician, Inventor, Photographer, University teacher, Theoretical physicist

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic…

Claude Bernard

1813 – 1878

Physician writer, Politician, Psychologist, Professor, Physiologist, Physician

Claude Bernard (French: [klod bɛʁnaʁ]; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of…

Pope Pius IX

1792 – 1878

Catholic priest, Diplomat, Catholic bishop, Archbishop

Pope Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic C…