Remembered

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Enmerkar

31st century BC – 30th century BC

Sovereign

Enmerkar (fl. c. 2750 BC) was an ancient Sumerian ruler to whom the construction of the city of Uruk and a 420-year reign was attributed. According to literary…

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Merneith

30th century BC – 30th century BC

Statesperson

Merneith (also written Merit-neith and Meryt-Neith; died c. 2950 BC) was a consort and a regent of Ancient Egypt during the First Dynasty. She may have been a…

Hor-Aha

— – 3020 BC

Sovereign

Hor-Aha (or Aha or Horus Aha; fl. c. 3085 BC) is considered the second pharaoh of the First Dynasty of Egypt by most Egyptologists, while others consider him th…

Narmer

32nd century BC – 3050 BC

Sovereign

Narmer (Ancient Egyptian: nꜥr-mr, may mean "painful catfish", "stinging catfish", "harsh catfish", or "fierce catfish"; fl. c. 3100 BC) was an ancient Egyptian…

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Ka

32nd century BC – 3100 BC

Statesperson

Ka, also (alternatively) Sekhen, was a Predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt belonging to Dynasty 0. He may have reigned c. 3150 BC. The length of his reign is unk…

Neithhotep

— – 31st century BC

Politician

Neithhotep or Neith-hotep (fl. c. 3050 BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archaeological evidence may…

Menes

3200s BC – 3125 BC

Monarch

Menes (fl. c. 3200–3000 BC; ; Ancient Egyptian: mnj, probably pronounced */maˈnij/; Ancient Greek: Μήνης and Μήν) was a pharaoh of the Early Dynastic Period of…

Ötzi

3275 BC – 3230 BC

Shepherd

Ötzi (German: [œtsi]; c. 3275 BC – c. 3230 BC, also called The Iceman, Similaun man, or Tyrolean Iceman, is the natural mummy of a man who lived during the 4th…