Remembered

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

1881 – 1938

Politician, Statesperson, Writer, Revolutionary, Army officer

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and statesman who was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and served as its fir…

Aleksandr I. Kuprin

1870 – 1938

Writer, Aircraft pilot, Novelist, Screenwriter, Poet, Children's writer

Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin (Russian: Александр Иванович Куприн; 7 September [O.S. 26 August] 1870 – 25 August 1938) was a Russian writer best known for his nove…

Konstantin Stanislavski

1863 – 1938

Theatre director, Stage actor, Pedagogue, Film director, Actor, Director

Konstantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski (; Russian: Константин Сергеевич Станиславский, IPA: [kənstɐnʲˈtʲin sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ stənʲɪˈslafskʲɪj]; né Alekseyev; 17 Janu…

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

1880 – 1938

Painter, Illustrator, Photographer, Graphic artist, Sculptor, Printmaker

Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 – 15 June 1938) was a German expressionist painter and printmaker. He was one of the founders of the artists group Die Brücke…

Charles-Édouard Guillaume

1861 – 1938

Physicist, Researcher

Charles-Édouard Guillaume (French: [ʃaʁl edwaʁ gijom]; 15 February 1861 – 13 June 1938) was a Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 "f…

Edmund Husserl

1859 – 1938

Mathematician, Philosopher, University teacher, Phenomenologist

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (Austrian German: [ˈɛdmʊnd ˈhʊsɐl]; 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938) was an Austrian and German philosopher and mathematician who es…

Muhammad Iqbal

1877 – 1938

Philosopher, Poet, Children's writer, Politician, Lawyer, Jurist

Sir Muhammad Iqbal (9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was an Islamic philosopher and poet. His poetry in Urdu is considered among the greatest of the 20th centur…

Nikolai Bukharin

1888 – 1938

Politician, Economist, Philosopher, Journalist, Writer, Editing staff

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (; Russian: Николай Иванович Бухарин, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪdʑ bʊˈxarʲɪn]; 9 October [O.S. 27 September] 1888 – 15 March 1938) was…

Gabriele D'Annunzio

1863 – 1938

Playwright, Politician, Military personnel, Poet, Journalist, Writer

General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso (12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes written d'Annunzio as he used to sign himself, was an Italian poet,…

Georges Méliès

1861 – 1938

Actor, Film director, Animator, Film editor, Screenwriter, Magician

Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès ( mayl-YES, French: [maʁi ʒɔʁʒ ʒɑ̃ meljɛs]; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938) was a French filmmaker, actor, magician, and toymaker.…

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Padmanath Bhattacharya

1868 – 1938

Historian, Writer, Professor, Essayist, Travel writer

Padmanath Bhattacharya (Bengali: পদ্মনাথ ভট্টাচার্য; 1868-1938) was an Indian historian. His works generally centred on the ancient Kamrup region. The Padmanath…

Maurice Ravel

1875 – 1937

Conductor, Pianist, Composer

Here is the revised memorial biography, refined and grounded strictly on well-documented facts from authoritative sources: Joseph‑Maurice Ravel was born on Mar…

Erich Ludendorff

1865 – 1937

Politician, Military officer, Autobiographer, Writer, Military leader, Author

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (German: [ˈeːʁɪç ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈluːdn̩dɔʁf] ; 9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a Prussian-born German general and po…

Gustaf Dalén

1869 – 1937

Physicist, Engineer, Inventor, Entrepreneur, Business executive, Chemist

Nils Gustaf Dalén (Swedish: [ˈɡɵ̂sːtav daˈleːn] ; 30 November 1869 – 9 December 1937) was a Swedish engineer and inventor who received the Nobel Prize in Physic…

Jagadish Chandra Bose

1858 – 1937

Physicist, biologist, botanist

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a Bengali physicist, biologist and botanist. He pioneered research in radio and microwave optics, made major contributions to plan…

Ramsay MacDonald

1866 – 1937

Politician, Journalist, Diplomat

James Ramsay MacDonald (né James McDonald Ramsay; 12 October 1866 – 9 November 1937) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, first briefly in 1924 and a…

Ernest Rutherford

1871 – 1937

Nuclear physicist, Chemist, Physicist, Professor, Politician, University teacher

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist and chemist who was a pioneering researcher in…

Tomáš Masaryk

1850 – 1937

Politician, Philosopher, Pedagogue, Writer, Sociologist, University teacher

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (7 March 1850 – 14 September 1937) was a Czechoslovak statesman, political activist and philosopher who served as the first president of…

Pierre de Coubertin

1863 – 1937

Historian, Pedagogue, Teacher, Writer, Rugby union match official, Politician

Charles Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (French: [ʃaʁl pjɛʁ də fʁedi baʁɔ̃ də kubɛʁtɛ̃]; born Pierre de Frédy; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937), also know…

Edith Wharton

1862 – 1937

Writer, Novelist, Poet, Translator, Prose writer, Art historian

Edith Newbold Wharton (; née Jones; January 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American writer and designer. Wharton drew upon her insider's knowledge of upper-…