Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (Arabic: فخر الدين الرازي; Persian: فخر الدين رازی; 1149 or 1150 – 1209; AH 543–606), also known as Fakhruddin Razi and by the sobriquet Sultan of the Theologians, was a prominent Muslim theologian, philosopher, polymath, and scientist. He wrote extensively on theology, philosophy, ontology, jurisprudence, medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, cosmology, history, and literature, was among the pioneers of inductive logic, and was the author of the major Qur'anic commentary Tafsir al-Kabir.

Al-Rāzī was born in Ray and eventually died in Herat, in present-day Afghanistan. He opposed the Muʿtazilites and was eventually compelled into exile, ultimately settling in Herat. There he founded a madrasa, attracted numerous pupils, and received the title Shaykh al-Islām. His effort to demonstrate that theology and philosophy could be reconciled led some contemporaries to accuse him of betraying Islam, and his death may have resulted from poisoning. His philosophical and theological writings show the influence of Avicenna, Abū al-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, and al-Ghazālī. Among his most important philosophical works are Mabāḥith al-mashriqiyya fī ʿilm al-ilāhiyyāt wa-l-ṭabīʿiyyāt ("Eastern Studies in Metaphysics and Physics") and al-Maṭālib al-ʿāliya ("The Higher Issues").

In cosmology, al-Rāzī rejected the geocentric model and the Aristotelian conception of a single universe revolving around a single world. He argued for the existence of space beyond the known world and was among the earliest proponents of a plurality of worlds, comparing this conception with astronomical teachings in the Qur'an.

Notable works: Al-Tafsir al-Kabir, Asas al-Taqdis, Al-Maṭalib al-'Aliya min al-'Ilm al-Ilahi, Muhassal Afkar al-Mutaqaddimin wa al-Muta'akhkhirin, Al-Arba'in fi Usul al-Din, Ma'alim Usul al-Din, Lawami' al-Bayyinat, I'tiqadat Firaq al-Muslimin wa al-Mushrikin

Source: Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi