William Shockley

William Bradford Shockley (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect."

Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation. He recruited brilliant employees, but quickly alienated them with his autocratic and erratic management; they left and founded major companies in the industry.

In his later life, while he was a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and afterward, Shockley became known for his outspoken promotion of racism and eugenics.

Awards: Nobel Prize in Physics, Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, IEEE Medal of Honor, Wilhelm Exner Medal, National Inventors Hall of Fame, IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award, Holley Medal, Fellow of the American Physical Society, Comstock Prize in Physics, Time Person of the Year Education: California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Source: Wikipedia — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley